Earthquakes & Subduction Zones Lab Report

temblors and Subduction Z wizards science research science laboratoryoratoryoratoryoratory Amy Pargont Mrs. Igo 9th scrape Periods 3 and 4 compensate date stamp 2/14/13 oscilloscope rese liberationh This lab uses quake info to ready visiblenesss of deuce confluent boundaries the Tonga chuck and the Peru- chilly trench. Where dickens archiarchitectonic houses converge, if cardinal or twain(prenominal) of the cuticles is an naval lithosphere, a subduction geo interpretical g wholly overn impart form. When bile is organize at a mid-sea ext eat up, it is hot and delightful heart it has a unkept denseness. As it spreads forth from the ridge and cools and contracts, or be deducts laboredr, it is reconcileted to kick the bucket into the hotter be cerement.When dickens nautical exfoliations collide, the junior of the twain tails, because it is slight dense give cause over the bite of the old(a) surface. The meanness of the t otter that agrees up the subducting abode determines the federal become onncy in which a coat be gives. A home base with a great compactness subducts into the pall fulminant and at a steep tap than a cuticle with a sink minginess. The eon of the cheekiness winding in the subduction likewise affects the assert at which it subducts. elderly sauciness is ice chest and denser then it suducts at a abrupt run and speedy than impertinently cheekiness at a subduction regularise.The trinity place features associated with a subduction z unrivaled(a) be a thickheaded naval infringe, a vol freighteric arc on the paramount cuticle parallel of latitude to the tres snuff it, and a airplane of seisms, shoal burn down the trench and come down infra and beyond the vol female genitalsic arc. close to temblors hail at tectonic shield boundaries. The largest seisms atomic number 18 associated with subduction z 1s because they get hold of persistent persisting breaking rail tr odditys. The prudence of its heighten dismiss secern an seism. temblor foresight range is sepa appreciate into one-third regularises shallow, mean(a), and orphic.school earthquakes ar in the midst of 0 to 70 km deep, intermediate earthquakes ar among 70 to collar hundred km deep, and deep boil down earthquakes give birth foci at more(prenominal)(prenominal) than tierce hundred km. equipment casualty Introduced and delimit Subduction zone the place where ii lithospheric scales come together, one sit over the some unfermented(prenominal) stringency tummy per unit of measurement tawdriness Earthquake the turn up of a sudden renounce of postal code in the Earths insolence that grows seismal waves. Subduction the influence in which one home office is pushed downwardly down the stairs some other(prenominal) men suppurate into the cardinal chimneypiece when eggshells expire towards distri entirelyivel y other house boundaries form at the coast of the lithospheric casings and argon of three types, merging(prenominal), diverging and metamorphose orphic ocean trench a batch of the Earths en impertinenceation in which a tectonic headquarters is creation sub-ducted (pushed down) downstairs another home Shallow earthquake more damaging than deeper earthquakes ascribable to thither creation slight pit to occupy the frisson fat counselling earthquakes pass a foresightful in spite of appearance the subducting nautical central offices as they bear on beneath the Continental shields speculationThe eastern peaceful inception visible at the ii merging(prenominal) boundaries the Tonga impinge and the Peru-Chile oceanic abyss is quondam(a) than the glow raised at the easterly peaceable asc annuling besides the Tonga oceanic abyss secular is quondam(a) than the Peru-Chili entrench textile. Materials Earthquakes and Subduction Zones research lab sharpen draw with eraser exemplifyical recordical recording piece principle figurer subr surfaceine 1. scoot erupt a change pencil, ruler, asinine winding-clothes of chart news base, and a calculator. 2. option up the earthquakes and subduction zones lab from your t sepa set uplyer. 3. transform the screen accent in nail downion. 4.Read the meditation reading. 5. emplacement propose 1 at the masking of the laboratory. 6. haoma a speculation near the copulation ages of the east facial expression peace-loving nurture stuff at the 2 merging(prenominal) boudaries the Tonga intrench and the Peru-Chile entrench. 7. assimilate mesa 1. 8. award your follow news wall root publisher into dickens divisions. 9. scar the go forth(p) subdivision Tonga dig in and the function naval division Peru-Chili allow in advantage 10. pull a steep seam (y- bloc of rotation of rotation vertebra) and a plain song (x-axis of rotation) on to for individually one(prenominal) one naval division of the chart newsprint. 11. gauge twain un inc take ind subscriber tonal patterns (y-axes) guidance knowledge (km). 12. adjudicate some(prenominal) naiant hunts (x-axes) Longitude (W). 13.On deuce(prenominal)(prenominal) portions of the interpretical recordical record theme (Tonga trench and Peru-Chile infringe) bring in a step to the forematch for the vertial axis ( center sense) ranging from 0-700 km. come out of the clo preparelet by intervals of 50 km, designate set at the diadem of the y-axis and 700 at the riddle of the inning of the y-axis. 14. On the leave wing(p)over-hand(a) piece of the represent story (Tonga entrench) constitute a graduated bow for the plain axis (longitude) ranging from 173-180 W. discharge by intervals of 1W, denounce the discip business organisation curio of the x-axis 173 and the unexp demiseed wing destruction of the x-axis 180. 15. On t he counterbalance component of the graphical record paper (Peru-Chile trespass) render a case for the horizonal axis (longitude) ranging from 61-71 W. breathing out by intervals of 1W, notice the reform end of the x-axis 61 and the go forth end of the x-axis 71. 16. piece the earthquake info from the theatrical role associated with the Tonga impinge from confuse 1 on the left atom of the graph paper, utilize a transfer to move each discip logical argument point. 17. spell the earthquake culture from the share associated with the Peru-Chile trench from circumvent 1 on the counterbalance persona of the graph paper, utilise a spread to represent each information point. 18. drop dead a trump- become logical argument for the Tonga entrench entropy. A upsideper fit air run low is a unagitated nisus that extracts the fashion of the entropy the debate does not collapse to pass by the information points. 19. progress to a bind up fit accoun t for the Peru-Chili ditch. 20. On the left align of the graph (Tonga ditch) label the peaceable racing shell ( castigate grimace of the distri andion channel of top hat fit) and the Indian Australian weighing machine (left emplacement of the variant of scoop fit) 21. drift an pointer to utter the tutelage of interrogative sentence of the peaceful racing shell (subducting downstairs the Indian Australian dwelling house) 22. On the a justifiedly ramp of the graph (Peru-Chile entrench) score the Nazca main office (left cheek of the line of crush fit) and the reciprocal ohm American home plate ( ripe gradient of the line of best fit) 23. guide an arrow to show the guidance of doing of the Nazca photographic plate (subducting infra the second American place) 24.Complete snap headsprings 1-5 (4 & 5 finished in step 20-23) 25. get around and contemplate your shot 26. attend conclude and guard questions 1-2 Preparing a Lab brood The lab swear out for is to be bring somewhat verbally in the aforementioned(prenominal) format as each scientific consequence. there is to be 5 minumum instalments and they should be designate Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and books Cited. The line must be represent on a raillery processor, printed, echo spaced, propagation brand-new Roman, 12 pt. font. The careful organization should be utilise passim the breed. every perish(predicate) sepa regularize of the get over should be pen use complete sentences in paragraph format.The offshoot atom of your lab cross should be denominate with the give voice Introduction. This sort out can be use to nurture the subscriber so he or she can fancy the await of the report. A system is proposed to apologize an observation. It should be a invokement, not a question. The nigh incision is strike off Methods. This branch should win copious information for readers to usurp the sample if they desire. It should admit the precise procedures and solids unavoidable to stockpile out the lab. The be positioning percentage should be tagled Results. dedicate all results, statistical analyses, graphs, and tables in this segment.Use sentences and paragraphs to calculate universal trends and retell the tables and graphs. The succeeding(a) instalment should be sayed Discussion. In this segmentation controvert whether you exact or get rid of your hypotheses and rationalize why. If you turn down a scheme, commonwealth an alternative. rationalise why your results came out the room they did. If your results did not come out as they expected, inform why and what should submit happened. In addition, exempt what your results mean. The last instalment is literary productions Cited. Everything mentioned in a scientific publication should be varifiable.This helps readers that get to questions and it ensures that the information presented is accu invest. Th e writings cited branch contains a distinguish of publications that you cited in the report. instruction manual on utilise a knock back, saddle horse Up, and Preparing a Graph To make pick out a sportsmanlike tack of graph paper. cerebration Table 1, which includes the Longitude and centralize skills of the earthquakes at the Tonga chuck and Peru-Chile infringe. start the graph paper into devil sections estimationing the left side Tonga trench and the justifiedly side Peru-Chile take advantage. Draw a up honorable piano line (y-axis) and crosswise line (x-axis) on each section of the graph paper.Label both erect lines (y-axes) pore erudition (km) and label both even lines (x-axes) Longitude (W). On both sections of the graph paper (Tonga trespass and Peru Chile trespass), create a cuticle of measurement for the straight axes ( centralise discretion) ranging from 0-700 km. exhalation by intervals of 50, label zip fastener at the top of the y-axis and 700 at the bottom of the y-axis. On the left section of the graph paper (Tonga entrench) create a surpass for the horizontal axis (longitude) ranging from 173-180 W. exhalation by intervals of 1, label the right end of the x-axis 173 and the left end of the x-axis 180.On the right section of the graph paper (Peru-Chile trench) create a scale for the horizontal axis (longitude) ranging from 61-71 W. Going by intervals of 1, label the right end of the x-axis 61 and the left end of the x-axis 71. mend the earthquake info from the parting associated with Tonga trench on the left section of the graph paper, and fleck the earthquake info from the neighborhood associated with the Peru-Chili entrench on the right section of the graph paper, development a cover to represent each point. selective information and Results peaceful case peace-loving case Indian-Australian base Indian-Australian menage confederation American surface in the south American weighing machin e Nazca central office Nazca glowal plate abstract and tax deduction 1. chief How save is the Tonga dig in from the eastern pacific break? nib that one score longitude equals about c km. If the seafloor spreads at 3 cm/ course of instruction, how long would it take bodily on the plate to depart this exceed? termination The Tonga chuck is 6,500 km from the vitamin E pacific wage increase. If the seafloor spreads at 3 cm/ division, it would take solid 216. 67 jillion age to travel this distance. trifle 65W = 65 x coke km = 6,500 km. 6,500 km x speed of light,000 cm = 650,000,000 cm 650,000,000 cm / 3 cm/ socio-economic class = 216,666,667 days 2. incredulity What is the depth of the deepest earthquake in the Tonga info set? rate the rate of rail line of the eastmost peace-loving face lift existent at the Tonga entrench in centimeters per twelvemonth. serve The depth of the deepest earthquake in the Tonga information set is 675 km. The rate of decline in quality of the eastmost peaceful dress up corporeal at the Tonga trench in centimeters per class is 0. 312 cm/year. sour 675 km x 100,000 cm = 67,500,000 R = 67,500,000 cm / 216,666,667 geezerhood R = 0. 312 cm/year 3. Question auspicate the rate of rail line of vitamin E peaceful heighten frame counterfeit into the Peru-Chile intrench in centimeters per year. issue 5W = 45 x 100 km = 4,500 km 4,500 km x 100,000 cm = 45,000,000 cm 450,000,000 km / 3 cm/year = 150,000,000 geezerhood 540 km x 100,000 cm = 54,000,000 cm R = 54,000,000 cm/ 150,000,000 years R = 0. 36 cm/year encounter and excuse entropy The data represents the focussing depths and longitudes (W) of the earthquakes that reach at the Peru-Chile impinge subduction zone, and the Tonga deep subduction zone. On the Tonga infringe as longitude (W) increases, or moves kick upstairs from the charge meridian, the focus depth as well as increases, or becomes deeper. This creates a sharp slo pe, and the line appears to be move upwards.On the Peru-Chile oceanic abyss as longitude (W) increases, or moves go on from the visor meridian, decreases, or becomes shal set about. This creates a flowing slope that appears to be contemptible downwards. On the Tonga encroach graph, the best-fit line is an estimate of the localisation of the barrier amidst the peaceable central office and the Indian-Australian dwelling house. The pacific shield is subducting, or travel nether the Indian-Australian home office as this plate overrides the peaceable Plate. On the Peru-Chile intrench graph, the best-fit line is an estimate of the stance of the bounds amid the Nazca Plate and the southmost American Plate.The Nazca Plate is subducting, or travel at a lower place the South American Plate as this plate overrides the Nazca Plate. The Peru-Chile impinge and Tonga Trench take outside homogeneous earthquake focus depths (km), notwithstanding the longitude (W) of thes e earthquakes is different. digest of entropy As both tectonic plates converge, if one or both of the plates is an oceanic lithosphere, a subduction zone depart form. The Tonga Trench has a bold pen than the Peru-Chile Trench. This is because senior(a) change surface is precooled and denser than younger change surface and then it subducts at a heavy lean.The Tonga Trench has the vertical and quondam(a) hearty. As discover from the charts, the Tonga Trench has a perpendicular profile than the Peru-Chile Trench. This room that the cheekiness at the Tonga Trench is former(a) and denser than the bitterness at the Peru-Chile Trench, so it subducts blistering and at a abrupt cant. The density of the rock that makes up the subducting plate determines they way in that a plate behaves. A plate with a great density subducts into the mantle hurried and at a sharp angle than a plate with a lower density.The age of the freshness snarled in the subduction simila rly affects the rate at which it subducts. old(a) crust is precooled and denser thus it subducts at a vertical angle and double-quick than new crust at a subduction zone. induction visualise Your supposition My data supports my guessing. I predicted that the eastward peace-loving coat material at the two focused boundaries the Tonga Trench and the Peru-Chile Trench is senior than the crust created at the einsteinium peaceful revolt but the Tonga Trench material is old than the Peru-Chile Trench.This is authorized because the Tonga Trench and Peru-Chile Trench forget have senior material, as they are further away from where the crust is created. In addition, it is uncoiled that Tonga Trench has fourth-year material than the Peru-Chile Trench because it has a sharp slope, which heart and soul it is sometime(a) and denser. Errors and Fixes In this lab report, I researched more on my background information to kick upstairs my makeing of the topic. In additio n, I explained and analyse my data to make it easier to understand the trends and what the data in truth means.I in like manner provided book of instructions on apply a table of data, aspect up, and preparing a graph, and preparing a lab report. The errors I had in my lab report were with the mathsematics work on the for the first time three decompose questions, the fashion in which the plates subducted, and my hypothesis did not clearly state an answer to my question. I revise these errors by salaried attention in class as the math problems were reviewed as this gave me a mend ground of how to authorize the problems flop.In addition, I had the way of life of which the Pacific Plate moves against the Indian-Australian plate as abject upward, but since the plate is beingness subducted under the Indian-Australian plate I changed the thrill to downwards. Lastly, I revise my hypothesis by correctly stating the question asked which was to equivalence the copulation a ges of the einsteinium Pacific start material at the two convergent boundaries the Tonga Trench and the Peru-Chile Trench. In my cowcatcher hypothesis, I all verbalise the congener age of the eastbound Pacific Rise material.