Prospectus of bsrm steels limited Essay Example for Free

Prospectus of bsrm steels limited EssayDeclarations and due diligence awards Declaration about(predicate) the function of the Directors including the CEO of the Comp some(prenominal) in respect of the course catalogue Consent of the Directors to Serve Declaration about filing of course catalogue with the recording equipment of Joint Stock Companies Firms ascrib fitting Diligence Certificate of Manger to the contr deed of conveyance Due Diligence Certificate of the Underwriter(s) Risk factors management perceptions about the risks Capital structure Use of IPO emergence Description of business Back ground of the project Important visualize Nature of business Principal products and dishs The Rolling ProcessMarket for the BSRMS Products relational contribution to income Associate subsidiary/related holding comp any(prenominal) Distribution of products/services Sources and availability of raw materials and principal suppliers Competitive condition of business Sources of and requirement for power, gas and water or any another(prenominal) utilities Customer providing 10% or more revenues Contract with principal customers and suppliers clobber patents, trademarks, license or royalty agreements Number of employees (as per audited aims) Capacity and current utilization of facility Description of property pecuniary Condition and Plan of OperationInternal and external sources of fund (as per audited accounts) Material commitment for capital expenditure Causes for material changes Seasonal aspect of the Companys business Known trends, events or uncertainties Change in the assets of the Company employ to pay off any liabilities Loan taken from holding/ cite company or subsidiary company Loan given to holding/ comparisonent company or subsidiary company Future contractual liabilities Future capital expenditure VAT, income tax, customs duty or other tax obligation Operating lease agreement monetary lease and other financial commitment Personnel related schemeRevaluation of assets Breakdown of going expenses Auditors certificate regarding any allotment of sells to promoters or Sponsor shareholders for consideration other than in cash -5- Page No 7 7 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 Issuer Issue Managers Alliance pecuniary Services control BSRM Steels Limited southerly Asia Capital Limited Item proceeding with subsidiary/holding company or sort companies Material teaching which is likely to have an impact Directors and officers Information regarding directorshipDirectors involvement in other organization Family relationship among directors and top five officers Short bio-data of the directors mention information Bureau (CIB) report Description of senior executive and departmental heads Involvement of Directors and officers in certain legal proceedings Certain Relationships and Related Transactions Transaction with related parties Directors facilities Executive compensation Remuneration pay to top five salaried officers Aggregate amount of remuneration paid to directors and officers (as audited accounts) Remuneration paid to Director who was non an officerFuture compensation to Director or officers Pay increase intention Options granted to Directors, officers and employees Transaction with the Directors and subscribers to the Memorandum Tangible assets per share Ownership of the Companys securities Composition of Shareholders Share hold by Directors Shareholding structure 5% or more as on 30 April 2008 Securities possess by the officers Determination of offering price Market for the securities being offered Declaration about listing of shares with Stock step in Trading and settlement Description of Securities neat or being offered Dividend, voting, pre-emption rightsConversion and liquidation rights Dividend policy Other rights of shareholders Debt securities Lock-in on sponsors share Re fund of subscription bullion Subscription by and refund to non-resident Bangladeshi (NRB) accessibility of securities Offer Application for subscription Allotment Under written material of shares Principal terms and conditions of at a lower placewriting agreement Underwriters right to represent in the Board of Directors of the Company Auditors report to the shareholders Audited Financial Statements Auditors report under naval division 135(1), Para 24(1) of part II of schedule III to Companies Act, 1994 Ratio AnalysisAdditional disclosures as infallible by Securities and Exchange relegation Credit rating report of BSRMS Application forms -6- Page No 23 23 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 38 39 40 54 55 57 59 76 Issuer Issue Managers Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited Disclosure in respect of proceeds of security measures in Dema t Form As per provision of the sedimentation Act, 1999 and regulations do thither under, shares leave alone only be issued in dematerialized condition. All transfer/transmission/ split will take place in the commutation Depository Bangladesh Ltd. (CDBL) system and any further issuance of shares (right/bonus) will be issued in dematerialized form only. Conditions under Section 2CC of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969 Part A 1. The company shall go for Initial Public Offer (IPO) for 20,00,000 ordinary shares of Taka 100 (taka one hundred) each at par worth Taka 20,00,00,000 (Taka twenty crore) only following the Securities and Exchange guidance (Public Issue) Rules, 2006, the Depository Act, 1999 and regulations made there under.2. The abridged version of the prospectus, as approved by the missionary station, shall be published by the issuer in four national daily newspapers (in two Bangla and two English), inside 03 ( tether) working age of issuance of this letter . The issuer shall post the full prospectus vetted by the Securities and Exchange foreign mission in the issuers website and shall also put on the websites of the Commission, stock exchanges, and the issue managers indoors 03 (three) working geezerhood from the witness of issuance of this letter which shall ride out posted till the closure of the subscription list.The issuer shall submit to unsweet, the stock exchanges and the issue managers a diskette containing the text of the vetted prospectus in MS -Word format. 3. adequate copies of prospectus shall be made available by the issuer so that any person requesting a reproduction whitethorn receive one. A notice shall be placed on the front of the application form distributed in connection with the offering, informing that interested persons are entitled to a prospectus, if they so desire, and that copies of prospectus whitethorn be obtained from the issuer and the issue managers.The subscription application shall indicate i n bold type that no sale of securities shall be made, nor shall any money be taken from any person, in connection with such sale until twenty five geezerhood after the prospectus has been published. 4. The company shall submit 40 (forty) copies of the printed prospectus to the Securities and Exchange Commission for official record in spite of appearance 5 (Five) working days from the date of worldly concernation of the abridged version of the prospectus in the newspaper. 5.The issuer company and the issue managers shall fancy transmission of the prospectus, abridged version of the prospectus and relevant application forms for NRBs through e-mail, simultaneously with earthation of the abridged version of the prospectus, to the Bangladesh Embassies and Missions abroad and shall also get word move of the printed copies of abridged version of the prospectus and application forms to the said Embassies and Missions within five working days of the publication date by express mail s ervice (EMS) of the postal department.A compliance report shall be submitted in this respect to the SEC jointly by the issuer and the issue managers within two working days from the date of said dispatch of the prospectus the forms. 6. The paper clipping of the published abridged version of the prospectus, as mentioned at condition 2 above, shall be submitted to the Commission within 24 hours of the publication thereof. 7.The company shall maintain separate cashbox account(s) for collecting proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and shall also open FC account(s) to put the application money of the Non- occupant Bangladeshis (NRBs) for IPO purpose, and shall incorporate full particulars of said FC account(s) in the prospectus. The company shall open the abovementioned accounts for IPO purpose and close these accounts after refund of over-subscription.Non- Resident Bangladeshi (NRB) means Bangladeshi citizens staying abroad including all those who have dual citizenship (provided t hey have a valid Bangladeshi passport) or those, whose foreign passport turf out a stamp from the interested Bangladesh Embassy to the effect that no visa is required to travel to Bangladesh. 8. The issuer company shall apply to all the stock exchanges in Bangladesh for listing within 07(seven) working days from the date of issuance of this letter and shall simultaneously submit the vetted prospectus with all exhibits, as submitted to SEC, to the stock exchanges.9. The following declaration shall be made by the company in the prospectus, namely Declaration about Listing of Shares with the Stock Exchange(s) None of the stock exchange(s), if for any reason, grants listing within 75 days from the closure of subscription, any allotment in terms of this prospectus shall be void and the company shall refund the subscription money within fifteen days from the date of refusal for listing by the stock exchanges, or from the date of expiry of the said 75 (seventy five) days, as the case may be.In case of non -refund of the subscription money within the aforesaid fifteen days, the company directors, in addition to the issuer company, shall be collectively and severally liable for refund of the subscription money, with interest at the rate of 2% (two percent) per month above the bank rate, to the subscribers concerned. -7- Issuer Issue Managers Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital LimitedThe issue managers, in addition to the issuer company, shall ensure due compliance of the above mentioned conditions and shall submit compliance report thereon to the Commission within seven days of expiry of the aforesaid fifteen days time period allowed for refund of the subscription money. 10. The subscription list shall be opened and the sale of securities commenced after 25 (twenty five) days of the publication of the abridged version of the prospectus and shall remain open for 5 (Five) consecutive banking days. 11.A non-resident Bangladesh i shall apply either directly by en shutting a foreign demand draft force on a bank payable at Dhaka, or through a nominee by paying out of foreign currency pose account maintained in Bangladesh or in Taka, supported by foreign currency encashment certificate issued by the concerned bank, for the value of securities applied for through crossed bank cheque marking Account Payee only. The NRB applicants shall send applications to the issuer company within the blockage date of the subscription so as to reach the aforementioned(prenominal) to the company by the closing date plus nine days.Applications certain by the company after the above time period will not be considered for allotment purpose. 12. The company shall apply the spot buying rate (TT clean) in US Dollar, UK Pound Sterling and Euro of Sonali Bank, which shall be mentioned in the Prospectus, as prevailed on the date of opening of the subscription for the purpose of application of the NRBs and other non-Bangladeshi pers ons, where applicable. 13. The company and the issue managers shall ensure prompt collection/clearance of the foreign remittances of NRBs and other non-Bangladeshis, if applicable, for allotment of shares.14. Upon closing of the period of subscription for securities the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly provide the Commission and the stock exchanges with the preliminary status of the subscription within 05 (five) working days, in respect of the following matters, namely (a) meat number of securities for which subscription has been received (b) Amount received from the subscription and (c) Amount of commission paid to the banker to the issue. 15.The issuer and the issue managers shall jointly provide the Commission and the stock exchanges the list of valid and hinder applicants in 2 (two) CDs and final status of subscription to the Commission within 3 (three) weeks after the closure of the subscription along with bank affirmation (original), branch-wise subscription sta tement. The list of valid and disenable applicants shall be finalized after examination with the CDBL in respect of BO accounts and particulars thereof. 16.The IPO shall stand cancelled and the application money shall be refunded immediately (but not later than 5 (Five) weeks from the date of the subscription closure) if any of the following events occur (a) Upon closing of the subscription list it is found that the list number of valid applications (in case of under subscription including the number of the underwriter) is less than the negligible requirement as specified in the listing regulations of the stock exchange(s) concerned or (b) At least 50% of the IPO is not subscribed. 17.10% of total public offering shall be reserved for non-resident Bangladeshi (NRB) and 10% for mutual funds and collective investment schemes registered with the Commission, and the remaining 80% shall be open for subscription by the general public. In case of under subscription under any of the 10% categories mentioned above, the unsubscribed portion shall be added to the general public category and, if after such addition, there is over subscription in the general public category, the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly conduct an open lottery of all the applicants added together.18. All the applicants shall first be treated as applied for one minimum market lot of 50 shares worth Tk. 5000/-. If, on this basis, there is over subscription, then lottery shall be held amongst the applicants allocating one acknowledgment number for each application, ir individual of the application money. In case of over-subscription under any of the categories mentioned hereinabove, the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly conduct an open lottery of all the applications received under eachcategory separately in presence of representatives from the issuer, the stock exchanges and the applicants, if there be any. 19. An applicant cannot submit more than two applications, one in his /her own name and another jointly with another person. In case an applicant makes more than two applications, all applications will be treated as invalid and will not be considered for allotment purpose. In addition, whole or part of application money may be forfeited by the Commission. -8- Issuer Issue Managers Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels LimitedSouth Asia Capital Limited 20. The primary shares allotted to an applicant through IPO may be forfeited by SEC, if the BO account of the said applicant is found closed at the time of allotment of shares. All IPO applicants are required to keep their BO accounts operational till allotment of IPO shares. 21. Lottery (if applicable) shall be held within 4 (four) weeks from closure of the subscription date. 22. The company shall issue share allotment letter to all successful applicants within 5 (five) weeks from the date of the subscription closing date.Within the same time, Refund to the unsuccessful applicants shall be made in the currency in which the value of securities was paid for by the applicants without any interest through Account Payee Cheque/ refund warrants with bank account number, banks name and branching as indicated in the securities application forms payable at Dhaka/ Chittagong/ Khulna/ Rajshahi/ Barisal/ Sylhet/ Bogra, as the case may be subject to condition 19 above. Refund money of the unsuccessful applicants shall be credited directly to their respective bank accounts within 5 (five) weeks from the date of the subscription closing, who have mentioned in the IPO application forms, bank account numbers with the bankers to the issue and other banks as disclosed in the prospectus. A compliance report in this regard shall be submitted to the Commission within 6(six) weeks from the date of closure of subscription. 23. The company shall furnish the List of Allotees to the Commission and the stock exchange(s) simultaneously in which the shares will be listed, within 24 (twenty four) hours of allotment.24. In the event of under-subscription of the public offering, the unsubscribed portion of securities shall be taken up by the underwriter(s) (subject to para -16 above). The issuer must notify the underwriter to take up the underwritten shares within 10 (ten) days of the subscription closing date on full payment of the share money within 15(fifteen) days of the issuers notice. The underwriter shall not share any underwriting fee with the issue managers, other underwriters, issuer or the sponsor group. 25.All issued shares of the issuer at the time of according this consent shall be subject to a lock in period of three years from the date of issuance of prospectus or commercial operation, whichever comes later Provided that the persons, other than directors and those who hold 5% or more, who have subscribed to the shares of the company within immediately preceding two years of according consent, shall be subject to a lock -in period of one year from the date of i ssuance of prospectus or commercial operation, whichever comes later.26. Either a Jumbo Share (one for each of the existing Sponsors/ Directors/ Shareholders) in respect of the shares already issued shall be issued covering together respective total holding, which shall contain the expiry date of lock-in period or Sponsors/Directors/Promoters/Shareholders shareholding shall be converted into demat form but shall be locked-in as per the condition at para-25 above. 27.In case of Jumbo Share Certificate issued to the existing Sponsors/ Directors/Shareholders, the said share certificates shall be kept under custody of a security custodian bank registered with SEC during the lock-in period. The name and branch of the bank shall be furnished to the Commission jointly by the issuer and the issue managers, along with a confirmation thereof from the custodian bank, within one week of listing of the shares with the stock exchange(s). 28. In case of dematerialization of shares heldby the exis ting Sponsors/ Directors/Shareholders, the copy of dematerialization confirmation report generated by CDBL and attested by the managing director of the company along with lock-in confirmation shall be submitted to SEC within one week of listing of the shares with the stock exchange(s). 29. The company shall apply to the stock exchanges for listing within 7(seven) working days of issuance of this letter and shall simultaneously submit to the Commission attested copies of the application filed with the stock exchanges.30. The company shall not declare any benefit other than cash dividend based on the financial statement for the period ended December 31, 2007. Part-B 1. The issue managers (i. e. , Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited) shall ensure that the abridged version of the prospectus and the full prospectus is published correctly and in strict conformity without any fallacy/omission, as vetted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. 2.The issue managers shall carefully examine and compare the published abridged version of prospectus on the date of publication with the copy vetted by SEC. If any discrepancy/inconsistency is found, both the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly publish a corrigendum immediately in the same newspapers concerned, simultaneously endorsing copies thereof to SEC and the stock exchange(s) concerned, correcting the discrepancy/inconsistency as required under Due Diligence Certificates provided with SEC. -9- Issuer Issue Managers Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited 3. Both the issuer company and the issue managers shall, immediately after publication of the prospectus and its abridged version, jointly inform the Commission in writing that the published prospectus and its abridged version are verbatim copies of the same as vetted by the Commission. 4. The fund collected through IPO shall not be utilized prior to listing with stock exchange and th at utilization of the said fund shall be effected through banking channel, i.e. through account payee cheque, pay recite or bank drafts etc. 5. The company shall furnish report to the Commission on utilization of IPO proceeds within 15 days of the closing of each quarter until such fund is fully utilized, as mentioned in the schedule contained in the prospectus, and in the event of any irregularity or inconsistency, the Commission may employ or engage any person, at issuers cost, to examine whether the issuer has utilized the proceeds for the purpose disclosed in the prospectus.6. All transactions, excluding little cash expenses, shall be effected through the companys bank account(s). 7. Proceeds of the IPO shall not be used for any purpose other than those specified in the prospectus. Any deviation in this respect must have prior approval of the shareholders in the General Meeting under breathing time to SEC and stock exchange(s). 8. The company shall remove the restrictive clau ses regarding issuance transfer of shares and grouping of shares from its Articles of Association.Part C 1. All the above conditions imposed under section 2CC of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969 shall be incorporated in the prospectus immediately after the page of the table of contents, with a reference in the table of contents, prior to its publication. 2. The Commission may impose further conditions/restrictions etc. from time to time as and when considered necessary, which shall also be binding upon the issuer company. Part D 1.As per provision of the Depository Act, 1999 and regulations made there under, shares will only be issued in dematerialized condition. All transfer/transmission/splitting will take place in the Central Depository Bangladesh Ltd. (CDBL) system and any further issuance of shares (including right/bonus) will be made in dematerialized form only. An applicant (including NRB) shall not be able to apply for allotment of shares without beneficial owner account (BO account).2. The issue managers shall also ensure due compliance of all above. GENERAL INFORMATION Alliance Financial Services Limited (AFSL) and South Asia Capital Limited (SACL) have prepared the prospectus from information supplied by BSRM Steels Limited (the Issuer Company) and also after several discussions with the prexy, Managing Director, Directors and concerned executives of the company.BSRM Steels Limited, Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited collectively and individually, having made all reasonable inquiries, confirm that to the best of their knowledge and belief, the information contained herein is true and correct in all material aspects and that there are no other material facts, the omission of which, would make any statement herein misleading.No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representation not contained in this Prospectus and if given or made, any such information and representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the company or Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited. The Issue as contemplated in this prospectus is made in Bangladesh and is subject to the exclusive legal power of the Courts of Bangladesh.Forwarding this prospectus to any person resident outside Bangladesh in no way implies that the issue is made in accordance with the laws of that country or is subject to the jurisdiction of the laws of that country. A copy of this prospectus may be obtained from the Corporate Head Office of BSRM Steels Limited, Alliance Financial Services Limited, South Asia Capital Limited, the Underwriters and the Stock Exchanges where the securities will be traded. 10 Issuer Issue Managers Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited Declarations and Due Diligence CertificatesDeclaration about the Responsibility of the Directors, including the CEO of the Company BSRM Steels Limited in Respect of the Prospectus This prospectus has been prepared, seen and approved by us, and we, individually and collectively, accept full responsibility for the legitimacy and accuracy of the statements made, information given in the prospectus, documents, financial statements, exhibits, annexes, papers submitted to the Commission in support thereof, and confirm, after making all reasonable inquiries that all conditions concerning this public issue and prospectus have been met and that there are no other information or documents the omission of which make any information or statements in this misleading for which the Commission may take any civil, criminal or administrative action against any or all of us as it may deem fit. We also confirm that full and fair disclosure has been made in this prospectus to enable the investors to make a well-informed decision for investment. Sd/ Alihussain Akberali Chairman Sd/Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Aameir Alihussain Managing Director*Sd/Tehseen Zohair T aherali Director Sd/Sabeen Aameir Director Consent of the Directors to Serve We hereby agree that we have been serving as Directors of BSRM Steels Limited and confirm to continue to act as Directors of the Company. Sd/ Alihussain Akberali Chairman Sd/Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Aameir Alihussain Managing Director* Sd/Tehseen Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Sabeen Aameir Director * Mr. Aameir Alihussain is also a shareholder Director of the company. Declaration about filing of Prospectus with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies Firms A dated and signed copy of the Prospectus has been filed for registration with the Registrar of J

Themes in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Themes in Hamlet EssayTo what extent does Shakespeare deal with these themes in Hamlet? As consistent with all Shakespearean tragedies, Shakespeare uses the fatal flaws of the central characters to bring about their downfall which ultimately leads to their death. In Hamlet, deceit and betrayal initiates the failures of the main characters, particularly Prince Hamlet, queer Claudius and Ophelia. These themes are pivotal to their actions and are used to expose the flaws of the characters that lead to their downfall and eventually, death. Shakespeare begins the play with the depressed, yet innocent Hamlet, who is in mourning for the recently dead king, his father. He is angry at his mother, for quickly marrying the new King, also his uncle. He feels betrayed by his mother because she was able to forget her previous husband so quickly and easily. He is melancholic because of his fathers death but more because of his mothers speedy marriage. In his fury, he stereotypes all women as w eak, Frailty, thy bring out is woman. He is uncomfortable with what he feels is an unacceptable situation and he senses, It is not, nor can it come to, good. Despite his negative feelings, his emotions are controlled and he does not even find the possibility that his father was murdered and he is portrayed as blameless and wide open to deceit. Shakespeare creates the first twist of the play when Hamlet meets the ghost, his fathers spirit. The ghost divulges to a shocked Hamlet that his father was victim of murder most foul and urges the prince to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.The snake that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown, thus revealing to Hamlet the betrayal and deceit of Claudius. Hamlet is outraged and disgusted by what he learns and promises the ghost, Thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain. He will seek nothing but revenge and he entrusts scarcely the loyal Horatio and Marcellus with his sinister findings. Claudius murders his own brother and king to introduce the complex web of deceit and betrayal that make up the play.After Hamlets meeting with the ghost, Hamlet is convinced that he has been victim of betrayal and deceit as he refers to the spirit as an honest ghost. His previously controlled emotions blow over boiling point and he is furious enough to call his mother a most pernicious woman. He is traumatised by the news and his emotions trip to become uncontrolled causing Horatio to say, These are but wild and whirling words, my lord. Slowly, the idea of revenge overcomes all his thoughts and Shakespeare feeds idea of deceit and betrayal into his mind.Hamlet decides that the only when way he can see through the deceit and confirm the murder claim is by deception himself. He decides to put on an tremendous disposition to enable him to spy on his uncle without arousing any suspicion. Ophelia, although innocent, is a character who is in the way of Hamlet without meaning to do an y harm. Her father is the skipper Chamberlain who is capable of extracting all scraps of information from her, against her will. He is very loyal to the king and will pass on anything he knows to him.As a consequence, Ophelia cannot be trusted with the truth and is subjected to deceit and betrayal. Hamlet shits her by deliberately acting mad to confuse her and telling her that he loved her not. This is a sheer(a) lie as is obvious towards the end of the play when he is distraught to discover her death and tells an equally distressed Laertes that forty thousand brothers with all their bar of love could not love her more than he did. Hamlet betrays her by being cruel and sarcastic to her and making comments such as, Get thee to a nunnery to keep her off from him.Hamlet is forced to experience this path because he knows she must not find out what he knows regarding his fathers death otherwise he risks endangering his life from Claudius. Shakespeare uses all the deceit and betray al to create a conflict of loyalty inside Ophelia and she is unsure whether she should stay true to her love Hamlet or obey her father. She betrays Hamlet by choosing to obey her father rather that staying loyal to Hamlet. Despite her feeble attempts to try to defend Hamlet by saying, He hath importuned me with love in honourable fashion, she cannot disobey her father.She is torn between a strong father and a strong lover but being the dutiful girl she promises her father, I shall obey, my lord, when ordered to stay away from Hamlet and not to give words or talk to him. She deceives Hamlet when she allows Claudius and her father to spy on him by trying to engage him in conversation in the presence of the two men. Her decision to obey her father means she is completely reliant on him. existence a lady of her time, she does not have any independence and needs the support of a man which makes her vulnerable and ultimately a failure.Hamlets rudeness towards her and her betrayal of Ham let makes her believe that he will not care for her again. When her father dies she feels as if she has lost everything and this drives her towards insanity and eventually, death. As is obvious from the set out of the play, Hamlets main failure is that he is very indecisive and thinks about issues too much which lead to his downfall and ultimately, death. He is also kind of lonely and throughout the course of the play, only Horatio remains loyal to the prince and Hamlet can talk to and trust only him.All others, including his girlfriend, Ophelia, betray him and he cannot come up to freely with them. The lack of people to talk to means that thoughts build up in his mind and he is constantly thinking about issues, such as revenge and suicide, too much without being able to reach an appropriate decision. His main failure and fatal flaw is this inability to make quick decisions and take action before it is too late. Typically, Shakespeare shows Claudius main flaw and failure to be hi s ambition which is what possesses him to perform the evil deed of murdering the king.He confesses, I am unsounded possessd of those effects for which I did the murder, my crown, mine own ambition and my queen. He tries to convince himself that he cannot turn around and make up for what he has done because he has waded too far into the pool of evil. He offers what is really an empty prayer because his words fly up but thoughts remain below and he says, Words without thoughts never to heaven go. His failure is that he is too ambitious and greedy and he cannot bear to think about life without his sess and queen.He does not make any attempt to make up for what he has done because he does not want to which creates problems because eventually the truth is notice and this brings about his downfall and death. All the actions of the main characters are shaped by Shakespeare through the themes of deceit, betrayal and failure. He uses the deceit and betrayal of Claudius and Ophelia to c ause Hamlet himself to deceive and betray which enables him to discover the truth. Shakespeare uses the deceit and betrayal to bring out the failures of the characters that lead to their downfall and death.

Three Significant Shifts Geography Global Economic Activity Economics Essay

Three Significant Shifts Geography Global Economic exercise Economics EssayEvery since the Second World War of 1939-1945, the human beings has undergone huge dislodges. At no other period in Earths bright score has change been such a potent specialty. Technology has changed immensely from year-to-year, so too, it faces, has politics, culture and society. A nonher huge change has been in globular scotchs and this is the post-1945 change that this essay allow be foc use on. Global stintings is the world-wide integration of markets for goods, services, undertaking and capital. Ever since World War Two the individual economies of countries all all over the world founder bewilder increasingly linked together to form one unit and this essay aims to investigate three raise ups that have caused that linkage.Widely considered to be the biggest shift in world-wide economic geography since World War 2 is the emergence of Asia, particularly East Asia lacquer, the intravenous f eeding tigers and, most recently, China (Dicken, 2007). This economic rise can be split into quaternary major processesThe rise of Japan after World War 2The rapid growth of the four tigers Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan followed by a second tier (the tiger cubs) Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.The huge growth of ChinaThe potential economic dynamism of IndiaJapans post-war economic growth in terms of manufacturing was monumental. In the 1960s it was ranked fifth in the world miserliness entirely by 1980 it had risen to second behind ground forces. Its number of manufacturing growth was 13.6% per year two and a half(prenominal) times greater than USA and four times greater than UK. FDI grew from 1% in 1960 to almost 12% in 1990 unveiling Japan as the biggest threat to USA and Europe (Dicken, 2007).This growth, albeit huge after 1945, was not the beginning of Japans surge in the world thriftiness. Japans innovation began under the Meiji Revolution around 1885 in w hich it underwent a major constitutional change. This change included the revamping of the legal outline, the educational system was expanded and a modem banking system evolved. The state withal encouraged the creation of a railway network, telegraphs and shipping lines. It supported industries the alike(p)s of iron and steel, ship building and textiles. However, there were some perfect weaknesses in that the country was still heavily dependent on agriculture but because of small holdings, agricultural productivity was not very high (Kennedy, 1989). Therefore, it is unornamented that the change in Japans economy after World War 2 was not the fact that it started to flummox economic growth but rather it started to experience rapid growth as opposed to the slower growth prior to the war.During the late 1980s, Japans growth rate fell almost as dramatically as it rose in the 1960s due to a collapse. Between 1990 and 2003, Japans GDP grew annually by only 1.2% and its manufacturing sphere of influence by 0.7%. USAs fear in Japan subsided somewhat although Japan remained the second big(p)st economy globally. Recently there have also been signs of a recovery too, putting pressure back on USA (Dicken, 2007).In the 1960s, around the same time as Japans economy was surging, a small group of East Asian countries emerged with manufacturing growth, especially in labour-intensive industries, that idle words to their economic development. Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore were branded the four tigers. For example, Koreas manufacturing sector grew yearly at an average rate of 18% during the 1960s, 16% in the mid-seventies, 13% in the 1980s and 7% from 1990 to 2003. During the same periods, Taiwans manufacturing sector grew at rates of 16%, 14%, 8% and 6% respectively (Dicken 2007). In the late 1980s FDI for the four tigers grew to a level that overtook Japan. The tigers, although grouped together, all followed their own distinct path of development Korea has be en relatively closed to FDI and relied on a small number of large conglomerates for its industrialization, Singapore relied heavily on enthronement from large foreign transnational firms, Taiwan depended on locally-owned small and medium-sized firms and Hong Kongs growth is base on its laissez-faire melt market approach (Hobday, 1995).Similarly to the four tigers, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand all displayed high rates of manufacturing growth around the same time. These have become k instantern as the tiger cubs. Along with the tigers, the cubs have increased their collective share of world manufactured exports from 1.5% in 1963 to almost 20% in 1999-despite the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 (Dicken, 2007). A possible reason for the growth of these countries could be in the decolonisation prior to the 1960s and after World War 2. For example, Indonesia gained independence from the Netherlands in 1949 nominally and all in 1954 (Klein, 2003).The most recent and potent ially biggest change in East Asian economy is the huge growth of ChinaSince shifting to a form _or_ system of government of reform and door opening in the late 1970s, China has been undergoing a period of high economic growth while at the same time increasing its presence in the Asian economy. Riding the wave of the IT revolution in recent years, the country has been gaining international competitiveness not only in labour-intensive products but also in some IT products Chi Hung Kwan 2002Between 1980 and 2003, Chinas GDP and manufacturing growth rates were the highest in the world around 10% annually. It is now the worlds fourth largest manufacturing producer, the second largest agricultural, the fourth, soon to be third ahead of Japan, biggest exporter and the fourth biggest importer. Chinas growth, along with the other countries (mentioned above), constitutes to making north-east Asia the most dynamic part of the world, do problems for south-east Asia Philippines, Malaysia an d Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore in terms of competition (Dicken, 2007).The final process of change that has seen Asia become a huge force in the global economy is the recent, spectacular growth of India. This growth is in one specific activity the outsourcing of IT services. With its huge population and other similar advantages, there has been much talk to the highest degree how India could be the next China. However, amid 1980 and 1990 Indias GDP growth rate was only around 6% above the global average but only half of Chinas at the same time. India also does not sit with the elite in terms of manufacturing (13th in the world) and exports (outside of the top 15 globally). Indias strength lies in the service sector 51% of its GDP is from service sector-based income, against Chinas 33% but still China generated nearly double the service exports of India. That is the difference to the other fast-growing Asian countries India does not have strong exports. India does have the potential but currently it has some way to go before it can be placed amongst the elite (Dicken, 2007). unrivaled of the earliest significant shifts in the geography of the global economy since 1945 was the integration of European countries. Before European integration came into place there were extreme forms of patriotism in the continent, especially during the war and economic activity between the European countries was limited due to tariffs, custom duties and trade barriers. Post war Europe axiom many countries still at unease with one another so a form of peaceful integration was needed in order to doctor the economies.This all started with the formation of the European ember and steel community (ECSC) which was first established in 1950. The aim of the ECSC was to bring together the French and German coal and steal production in a way that would banish the spectre of war and open the way to European integration (Europa 2005). The agreement of the ECSC was concluded in Paris whereby six nations signed up to it including Belgium, France, West Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. This was now a form of production and distribution of coal and steel among the six countries and it was the beginning of a united Europe (Allen 2005).The next part of this shift towards European integration was the treaty of Rome in 1957 which was signed by the same six countries and elevate enhanced the economic activity within Europe. This created two more communities, the European Economic community (ECC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). It also eliminated the tradition duties between the countries and created a common external tariff (Dicken 2007) this external tariff removed tariffs on intra-EU trade and meant that it would cost more money for the areas outside of the treaty to import goods to these European countries, therefore it eliminated consumer choice and supported the industries based within the treaty and boosted the overall economy within th ese countries.The community further enlarged between 1973-1986 with the introduction of Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Greece, Spain and Portugal this helped changed the geography of the world economy as more countries were now involved within this community of economic integration and Europe as a whole was now becoming a dominant economic force in the face of the perceived soviet threat (Dicken 2007). This period also saw the establishment of trading agreements with former European colonies in Africa, The Caribbean and The pacific (ACP countries). This new establishment with the ACP nations was aimed to encourage there exports while stimulating growth and investment in an attempt to integrate these countries into the world economy. (Manchin 2006). This has effectively altered the geography of the world economy as without this link the ACP nations would find it hard to plug themselves into the global economy however the EC offer duty free access to the EC market for most products and offer them preferential access for agricultural products based on a quota system. This helps develop these nations in an attempt to boost there economies.The main developments in economically integrating Europe has occurred in the past 20 years, this period has seen the signing of the Treaty of the European Union in 1991, the creation of a single European market and the introduction of a single European coin in 1999. The creation of a single European market in 1992 eliminated and reduced trade barriers within Europe and enhanced wel farthere and might within the European community. These reduced trade barriers increased the intensity of competition and reduced prices. This meant that the EU was now more economically competitive within the world markets therefore it effectively helped change the geography of the world economy. (Allen et al 2005). The formation of the European Union signed in Maastricht in 1991 created the pathway for further European economic integration and M onetary union. European monetary union was created in 1999 with the single European silver the Euro is currently used by 16 countries in the EU which make up the Euro zone. This has had a capacious effect on the economics of the countries involved in the Euro zone. De Grauwe states thatEliminating national currencies and moving towards a common currency can lead to an increase in economic efficiency as it eliminates transaction costs in exchanging moneyThis elimination of transaction costs actor that capital now flows through the European Union a lot easier and it makes FDI investment into these European countries a lot more appealing. The single European currency along with the reduced trade barriers within Europe attracts a lot of TNCs who have chosen to regionalize there production networks within the European Union. It has especially attracted US and Japanese TNCs. Therefore in changing the geography of the global economy, not only is it boosting the economy for the countries within the EU but it is boosting the countries outside of it that are using the EU as a way of setting up there production and manufacturing chains.A final major shift in the geography of global economic activity after the Second World War has been the major role of transnational corporations (TNCs). According to the UN (1978), TNCs are all enterprises which control assets factories, mines, sales offices and the like in two or more countries.In the last 50 years or so the role of TNCs in the global economy has become more and more significant creating a situation now where, without them, the world, in terms of development, would most likely regress. However, Jenkins (1987) said that TNCs have been portrayed as an railway locomotive of growth capable of eliminating international economic inequality as well as a major obstacle to development. They are seen as a force capable revolutionising the productive forces in economically backwards areas of the world but also as a major cause for underdevelopment through a massive drain of surplus to the advanced capitalist countries i.e. they take a lot of money and resources from LEDCs and give it to MEDCs, widening the development gap.Either way you look at it, TNCs have made the world economy much more of the unit that was mentioned in the introduction. Chang (2003) wrote that since 1982, FDI from TNCs has been growing four times faster than international trade and, since the 1970s the combined output form TNCs has exceeded the volume of international trade. International trade had been going on for centuries prior to World War Two and continues to this day but its significance has been shown to be dwindling with the new impact of TNCs. This therefore shows how, through the introduction of TNCs, the geography of global economic activity has changed in its orientation and that it does seem to moving towards one, global economy with countries holding assets in almost every other country not being a reality too far aw ay.According to Chang (2003), TNCs are becoming more and more transnational and therefore stateless. There is proof in the successfulness of TNCs in that countries which have had liberal policies towards FDI like most of the Asian tigers have performed well and become successful developed countries, with stable economies. This shows that it is likely that more and more countries, including African ones where TNCs are still rare, will start accommodating for TNCs and so take the world towards being one, unified economy. The increase in the activities of TNCs since 1945 can therefore be said to have had a major impact in the shift of global economic activity that has occurred since World War Two and will continue to do so.There have been numerous economic shifts that have helped shape the current global economy. However in this essay we have only center on three. First we focused on the economic expansion of the East-Asian countries over the past 65 years, which most recently invol ved India and China who could pave the way for future global economic expansion. The explanation for the growth of these countries could be due to the fact that the demographic transition from high rates of mortality to low rates of morality has been more forceful in the East-Asian region over the past century than any other region in the world. This constituted to the economic growth as between 1965-1990 the functional population grew at a much faster rate than its dependent population which expanded the per-capita productive capacity of East Asian countries.(Bloom 1998). The second shift we focused on was the Increase in European integration, this has effectively shifted the global economy as it has integrated a whole range of countries and allowed capital and labour to flow more freely between them, effectively making the EU one of the strongest regions in the present day world economy. Finally we showed how an increase in TNC activity over the post war period has helped shape the global economy and bring about a more unified economy. Many Hyper-Globalists would beseech that TNCS help constitute to a borderless world whereby global is the natural scale of economic integration.To conclude this essay these three shifts have effectively changed the global economy over history and there impacts are still present and will continue to be so for a very long time as they have set in motion economic integration on a global level.Considering the economic Hiatus that occurred during the war when many international connect were broken and there was a world wide recession, this recovery over a 65 year period where we now live in a world with an increasingly unifying economy has been truly astonishing.

Presidency Research Paper: Washington

Presidency Research Paper capSpencer DouglasIn America, we con rear a very structured and systematic establishment. This government has multiple layers that are intertwined and connected. The greatest of these layers are the three branches of government the judicial, the legislative, and the executive. The most prominent of these three, in the look of the people, is the executive branch, or in others words the president. In our country, a long line of succession of leaders have been the heads of country running it as they instruct fit. Like any succession, the presidential succession is no different in the fact that it has to have a number one. This, is where George upper-case letter, our commencement exercise president comes. George set the stage for what a president was for the people, for the government, and to the rest of the world. George Washington literally set the physically definition of what a president is for others to follow in his name, or against his name. Throu gh his life choices as a young general, as president, and time stepping d throw from his presidency, George Washington has earned himself the distinction of being a good president.Georges ambition started at his roots, which was the military. After his fathers passing, George found solace and new guidance in the form of his brother Lawrence. From Lawrence, Washington learned trigonometry and surveying and cultivated a taste for ethics, novels, music, and the theater.1 Lawrence having served under the military, enliven George to join. Later on in life after Lawrence dies, George steps up to fill the shoes and start his military federal agency. Washington, after having his own tastes of battle, began to have his own preferences of politics. The largest question in politics in Washingtons time was whether or not to support British rule. Washington had two disputes with English officers who viewed their regular-army commissions as superior to that of the Virginia militia commander. T hese disputes may mark the beginning of Washingtons resentment of British attitudes toward the colonies.1 Once well known, he was appointed to County Justice of the Peace of the county of Fairfax. Here he enjoyed the ripeness of the American Interests of exploring options and freedom. This subjoin this resentment for the British regular more. Once tensions raised themselves high enough, Washington was elected commander of armed forces, refusing acceptance of pay. After fights of the revolution took their course, it was time for the government to reframe itself to survive, thus begetting the constitution. This lead to Washington becoming our first president. His unanimous election as the first president of the United States was certain before the Constitution was even adopted and, again, he accepted with reluctance.1Washingtons presidency is rooted with fundamental federalist structure to strengthen our government. Washington helped to establish the capitol of what would be Washing ton D.C. President Washington obstinate to strengthen that of the area around him and the position he was in. While the Constitution calls for the creation of executive departments, it only explained that the heads of executive departments were unelected officials who had to answer to the president. Washington defined how these roles would function.2 Washington set up his own cabinet of advisors to aid him. Unlike many presidents seen as figure heads, Washington the general, never died even after becoming president. Washington personally fought against the Whiskey Rebellion showing the power of the federal government, and emphasizing his role as commander and chief. Washington also established crucial legislature such as but not limited to The judiciary act, the naturalization act, the bank act, and the salve trade act. Washington overall was a very inviolate presence that both people and the government around him supported.Legacy is something that Washington purely defines, as s o much of our world is based on the beginning which was Washington. Washington established his successions place of residence, and their form of advisory council. He supported religious freedom and set up the organization of the Supreme Court. Washingtons main memorial in history was his balanced calculating standard for himself. He considered his power as given by the people and not for his own will to cuckold with. He always placed restrictions on himself, emphasizing his place as a president, not a dictator or a president. Sadly, much of Washingtons role model-esk moments are not really emphasized today, but his legacy is still established and appreciated by those who know the history. The last bit of information left(p) to Washingtons legacy is the fact that in his farewell address he warned his successors of the presence of political parties. Washingtons Farewell Address, which warned against the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party, encouraged a direction on education and morality, cautioned against sectionalism within the nation, and admonished against entangling foreign alliances, has continued to have influence over American culture and political debates long past when it was first published.2In conclusion, considering the facts that were aligned in Washingtons times, Washington in every sense of the word, was a good president. He established federal strength, became the peoples unanimous vote twice, and show what it means to be a well-constructed president and leader. The unique message that set aside Washington form his successors is that he always saw himself as a servant leader and even went out of the way to set up protections for the people against himself. Washington take America to victory over the British. Washington led to America to structure after the articles fell under and no one knew how to take the constitution. Washington, in more poetic terms, was by the people and for the people, using his long-familiar judgment to discern the best possible choice of action for all.Work Cited Pagehttp//www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfmhttp//www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/1 http//www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfm2 http//www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/

Identity in Rural Communities: Sociological Concepts

Identity in Rural Communities Sociological ConceptsIntroductionRural communities have been a source of much interest for those engaged within the sociological and geographical realms of study for many years now. The industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries triggered the phenomenon of hoidenish depopulation as millions passim the Western nations, lured by the promise of a more prosperous existence in the urban core, aband superstard their agrarian settlements. However, the late twentieth century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the standard of living for the inhabitants of the developed world. Cataclysmic advancements in the spheres of transportation, infrastructure and technology have permitted the denizens of our cities with greater price of admission to regions which were once isolated and peripheral. For the first time in over two centuries populations atomic number 18 now increasing throughout the urban hinterland and countryside. As a consequence, hobnailed communities are now faced with a growing influx of outsider or alien elements which whitethorn be perceived to threaten their droll cultural and complaisant traditions. Such elements range from governmental legislation (imposed from a regional, national or supranational level) to tourism and second home self-possession.However, in an increasingly globalised and homoginised world, academics have developed great interest in the methodologies deployed by erstwhile isolated settlements as they strive to conserve their very identities and notions of community. Mewitt has argued that the esoteric cultures of awkward communities have been much undervalued. He states that, a local anesthetic population can possess a largely unique culture that remains distinctive in that its symbolic manifestations convey meanings that are commonly understood only among those people.1Defining the Communal BoundaryMuir eloquently highlights that, every landscape is enmeshed in networks of boundaries. so mewhat of these are living or current and others are relics of former patterns of overlordship and partition.2 He further adds that, some boundaries are political in character whilst others relate to ownership and tenancy.3 Indeed, the configuration of the present day counties of England dates from Medieval times when the Normans attempted to organise and rationalise the physical landscape. Muir explains that as the number of people residing in a particularised locale increases, the greater the necessity precipitates to impose physical boundaries to serve both instructive and symbolic roles.4 The remnants of Medieval landscapes of power can still be observed in the guise of churches or castles positioned on elevated terrain. Indeed Muir emphasises that, Medieval crosses were frequently associated with marking route ways and the places where roads entered ecclesiastical property.5However, sociologists argue that the plan of boundary often surpasses the purely mundane realm. Cohen insists that the boundary of a community is more complex than its physical, legal or administrative basis and even ethnic, racial, religious or linguistic differences.6 Indeed, he believes that communal, affectionate and physical frontiers may exist in the minds of their beholders and are often not objective entities.7 Indeed, according to Cohen and other commentators the boundaries of a community may be defined in a variety of ways including local genealogy, traditions, idioms, land distribution, folk histories and idiosyncrasies.Defining the Rural companyShuttles argues that whilst urban communities were traditionally defined on the basis of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic differences, campestral communities were typically more homogenous.8 However, he notes that power was normally concentrated in the hands of a small group of local elites.9Shuttles comments are interesting when one considers what many regard as being symbolic of the typical or idyllic inelegant community. T he English manor house and rustic thatched cottage conjure up images of a romantic and traditional arcadian scenario. Indeed, sociologists are now quick to highlight how the paintings of artists such as Constable, and the lucid literary descriptions of writers like Thomas Hardy, have done much to perpetuate the myth of idyllic rural communities within the bodied mindset. These were communities where everyone seemingly had his or her place within a clearly defined and functional social hierarchy.However, Seymour et al. state that recent debates in rural studies have highlighted the necessitate to reconsider power relations in the countryside by allowing other voices to be heard.10 They insist that previously marginalised groups, such as manual workers and housewives, play just as important a role in defining the local community as those in positions of economic and political power. They also note that traditional stereotypes of the rural community are changing both within and out w ith the locale. For example, farmers were typically viewed as patriotic food producers and the guardians of the countryside.11 Since the 1980s the pollution issues concerning unsustainable farming practices and use of chemic fertilisers and pesticides have severely altered the once romantic myth of the farmer as custodian of the landscape and lynch pin of the rural community.Jones study of social attitudes in and around the town of Cwmrheidol in rural west Wales is most illuminating. In the late 1980s she began to interview a wide range of locals and incomers participants include traditional women and feminists, Welsh speakers and English speakers, residents and summer visitors, New Age travellers, hill farmers and urban commuters.12 Indeed, Jones findings reveal a plurality of attitudes regarding what constitutes community in the local area. Ieuan, a Welsh-speaking hill farmer, seemed to resent official bodies and felt that EU legislation was gradually eroding traditional farming practices and his way-of-life. He was also angry with the planting of Forestry delegation coniferous forests on the hillsides and the imposition of alien boundaries upon once communal pasturelands. Ieuan complained about the thoughtlessness of tourists and was sceptical regarding plans to diversify the tourist industry.13 His conservative attitude was shared by Alison and Phil, incomers from England, who also opposed development of the area and believed that new housing projects could destroy the rustic character of the local milieu. Another incomer named Ros also exhibited similar sentiments and did not motive change, so much so that she stated how she would protest vehemently against the renovation of a nearby ruin. Indeed, one could say that Ieuan, Alison and Phil, and Ros viewed the traditional community as something which should be cherished and remain static throughout time. However, the incomers did state that they felt very much like outsiders despite having lived in the re gion for some time. As Ros stated, the old locals theyre a community on their own.14The local vicar Patrick Thomas was more than aware of the existence of communities within communities throughout this part of Wales. A psyche boundary was of a linguistic nature and those who could not speak the Welsh language became effectively excluded from many social and communal activities. Many older inhabitants plainly did not view incomers as part of the community and seemed to view them as a threat. The vicar strove to promote soulfulness responsibility and attempted to encourage community set regardless of whether an inhabitant was of an insider or outsider status. Indeed, Patrick Thomas clearly viewed the entire community as a cohesive whole whilst others chose to be more selective in their analysis, often on the grounds of language, ethnicity and place of origin, regarding who was a part of their local community.Mewett notes how the inhabitants of the Isle of Lewis choose to define th e boundaries of the community. He emphasises the importance of nicknames throughout the island by expressing to people the attachment of themselves and others to the local community15 and by effectively defining their very social identities. Cohens study of the Shetland Island community of Whalsay revealed the existence of a public treasury of personal knowledge.16 This social treasury included the public identities of Whalsay people the characters attributed to them in public discourse and formulated on the basis of the uninventive qualities of their kinsfolk or their township of origin the anecdotal knowledge of incidents in which they were participants supposed personal idiosyncrasies and so forth.17 Such a methodology of social interpretation is representative of a local folk history and assists in binding the local community together and affirming the notion of being Whalsa. Cohen concludes that public identities provide social boundaries for the community and serve as verita ble compass bearings.18Cohen also highlights the linkage of a person to a place in Whalsay and the propensity of locals to depersonalise individual talents and skills. If someone exhibits an aptitude for woodwork they are said to have Skaw-blood in them. The origin of this saying derives from the belief that many skilled carpenters once came from the town of Skaw in the north. This was due to the fact that drift wood commonly accumulated on the coast near this town and the local artisans had a ready supply of the knifelike material. To compliment ones ability in such a way effectively grounds the individual within the historical, genealogical, physical and symbolic boundaries of the imagined island community.McFarlanes study of four villages in Northern Ireland highlights how rural communities choose to define their communal identities and demarcate boundaries within a nation fraught with religious tension. In the predominantly Protestant village of Ballycuan the local history is r ecounted from a Protestant perspective. The July band marches also symbolised Protestant hegemony within the community and, as the local band master stated, remind everyone that Ballycuan is a Protestant village.19 Conversely, in the village of Glenleven, Protestants seemed to present histories which appear to be much less certain about Protestant strengths.20 This was due to their minority status in the town and the general consensus amongst all inhabitants that a good sense of community outweighed religious differences. This is an example of how rural inhabitants may choose to redefine the symbolic boundaries of their communities in order to accommodate a plurality of interests.ConclusionAs Tuan emphasises, human territoriality and the creation of community is very assorted to that of the animals which is unburdened by symbolic thought.21 There is often an emotional bond between man and nature, man and place.22 Cohens and Mewetts studies of rural island communities have highlight ed this fact.Community boundaries may be imposed by a variety of individuals or groups in accordance with how they perceive, or wish to perceive, their local society. Such symbolic representations are often crafted on the basis of class, gender or ethnicity but, as Cohen has shown, they can also be very subjective. Cohen also notes that the coming of improved transport linkages to rural communities and the mass market will offer new challenges to how people in the countryside identify themselves collectively. He is however confident that they will continue to define the symbols and boundaries which establishes one as an integral piece of the fabric which constitutes the community.23BibliographyCOHEN, A. P. Belonging Identity and social Organisation in British rural Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1982COHEN, A. P. Symbolising Boundaries Identity and innovation in British Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1986COHEN, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary In a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987CRANG, M. Cultural Geography, Routledge, 1998GIDDENS, A. Sociology, 5th Edition, Polity Press, 2006LEWIS, G. J. Rural Communities, David and Charles, 1979LOWERTHAL, D. BOWDEN, M. J. Geographies of the Mind Essays in Historical Geosophy, Oxford, 1976MILBOURNE, P. uncover Rural Others Representation, indicator and Identity in the British Countryside, Pinter, 1997MITCHELL, D. Cultural Geography A Critical Introduction, Blackwell, 2000MUIR, R. The New practice session the decorate Fieldwork in Landscape History, University of Exeter Press, 2000PENNING-ROWSELLE, E. C. LOWENTHAL, D. Landscape Meanings and Values, Allen and Unwin, 1986SALTER, C. L. The Cultural Landscape, Dixbury Press, 19711Footnotes1 Cohen, A. P. Belonging Identity and fond Organisation in British Rural Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1982, pg. 2222 Muir, R. The New Reading the Landscape Fieldwork in Landscape History, University of Exeter Press, 2000, pg. 6 83 Muir, R. The New Reading the Landscape Fieldwork in Landscape History, University of Exeter Press, 2000, pg. 684 Muir, R. The New Reading the Landscape Fieldwork in Landscape History, University of Exeter Press, 2000, pg. 695 Muir, R. The New Reading the Landscape Fieldwork in Landscape History, University of Exeter Press, 2000, pg. 826 Cohen, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary in a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987, pg. 147 Cohen, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary in a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987, pg. 148 Shuttles, G. D. The Social Construction of Communities, University of Chicago Press, 1972, pg. 2609 Shuttles, G. D. The Social Construction of Communities, University of Chicago Press, 1972, pg. 26010 Milbourne, P. Revealing Rural Others Representation, Power and Identity in the British Countryside, Pinter, 1997, pg. 5711 Milbourne, P. Revealing Rural Others Representation, Power and Identity in the Br itish Countryside, Pinter, 1997, pg. 5812 Milbourne, P. Revealing Rural Others Representation, Power and Identity in the British Countryside, Pinter, 1997, pg. 13513 Milbourne, P. Revealing Rural Others Representation, Power and Identity in the British Countryside, Pinter, 1997, pg. 13714 Milbourne, P. Revealing Rural Others Representation, Power and Identity in the British Countryside, Pinter, 1997, pg.13915Cohen, A. P. Belonging Identity and Social Organisation in British Rural Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1982, pg. 24316Cohen, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary In a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987, pg. 6117Cohen, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary In a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987, pg. 6118Cohen, A. P. Whalsay Symbol, Segment and Boundary In a Shetland Island Community, Manchester University Press, 1987, pg. 6119 Cohen, A. P. Symbolising Boundaries Identity and Diversity in British Cultures, Ma nchester University Press, 1986, pg. 9420 Cohen, A. P. Symbolising Boundaries Identity and Diversity in British Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1986, pg. 9421 Lowerthal, D. Bowden, M. J. Geographies of the Mind Essays in Historical Geosophy, Oxford, 1986, pg. 1322 Lowerthal, D. Bowden, M. J. Geographies of the Mind Essays in Historical Geosophy, Oxford, 1986, pg. 1323 Cohen, A. P. Belonging Identity and Social Organisation in British Rural Cultures, Manchester University Press, 1982, pg. 21

Through the Emergency Room and on to Medical School Essays -- Medicine

Through the Emergency Room and on to Medical School Thirty grades ago when my parents left cornerstone a comfortable life in South America to pursue opportunities that would truly change their lives, they had no idea they would be foreshadowing the recent events of my life. afterwards working for two years as an engineer, I have realized something that I had suspected all along I do not drop dead in the world of business or engineering. I need to be in a profession in which I can establish ridiculous relationships with people by having a coercive impact on their lives. Oddly enough, my relationship with medicine began at an early age, as a twelve year old asthmatic, living in a house with two dogs (that I insisted on having). As a result, whenever I got sick, my respiratory situation was quick to decline, which inevitably led to frequent trips to the local emergency room. In one particular situation, I was admitted to the ICU with a pnuemothorax. While I do not commend th e names of the doctors or nurses who cared for me over the next several days, I have come to recognize that their anonymous efforts may very well have relieve my life. Naturally, this is not something immediately recognized as a child, but there is no doubt that I was walking a thin line surrounded by life and death. As I got older, I started working at jobs where I had a lot of interaction with people. While attending the university, I worked as a Lifeguard Instructor, a Swim Instructor, and a CPR/First Aide Instructor. In these capacities, I touched the lives of other people in a positive manner, but I had yet to link this with a possible career in medicine. I believe this stemmed from three factors. First, nobody in my family was mixed in the hea... ...ithdraw from school in the Fall of 1994. Since then, I have regained control of my financial situation, and I have resumed working on my Bachelor of Science in Biology . My current goal is to finish my Biology degree prior to the start of medical school in the Fall of 1996. For the first fourth dimension in my academic and professional career, I am sincerely interested and excited about what is yet to come. This is not to imply that I am displeased with the aggregate of time it took me to make the decision to pursue medical school After all, there are many people who never end up in a satisfying career. I believe my past experiences are propelling me forward with a sense of enthusiasm and conviction which will translate into the governance of a competent and humane doctor. Perhaps, someday, I will be the anonymous face that helps a twelve year old boy in his time of need.

Iagos Manipulative Nature in Shakespeares Othello Essay examples --

Iagos Manipulative Nature in Othello Iagos manipulative nature has a profound effect on the decisions made by other characters in Shakespeares Othello. Through his relations with those around him Shakespear characterizes him as a man full of malice, vengeance and dishonesty that is wholly inspired by jealousy. what is more it would appear that Iago has an exceptional ability to scheme, a talent which he uses to snake his way into the lives of others and exploit them through their weaknesses. Whether he does this for profit or for pleasure is a separate issue. Throughout the course of the play, Iago crosses the path of each major character we encounter. Though his effect varies according to characters, he is a presence in the keep of each. Rodrigo, Othello and Desdemona who each allow Iago to demonstrate his capacity for manipulation. Using Rodrigo as a tool, Iago discovers that Othellos passion for Desdemona to also be his weakness and eventual downfall. Latching on to this in tuitive feeling Iagos uses it to his advantage. Rodrigo is a mere pawn in Iagos master plan with him being used as a back up, almost like an unintentional sidekick, winning him over by providing him with false confidence regarding Desdemona. She must change for youth. Whe... ... Penguin, 1991. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Kermode, Frank. Othello, the Moor of Venice. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections in general on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Ed. Alfred Harbab. Middlesex, England Penguin, 1970. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.